Muscle Cramps

• A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax.

• Almost everyone experiences a muscle cramp at some time in their life.

• There are a variety of types and causes of muscle cramps.

• Numerous medicines can cause muscle cramps.

• Most muscle cramps can be stopped if the muscle can be stretched.

• Muscle cramps can often be prevented by measures such as adequate nutrition and hydration, attention to safety when exercising, and attention to ergonomic factors.

• A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. When we use the muscles that can be controlled voluntarily, such as those of our arms and legs, they alternately contract and relax as we move our limbs. Muscles that support our head, neck, and trunk contract similarly in a synchronized fashion to maintain our posture. 

• A muscle (or even a few fibers of a muscle) that involuntarily (without consciously willing it) contracts is in a "spasm." If the spasm is forceful and sustained, it becomes a cramp. Muscle cramps often cause a visible or palpable hardening of the involved muscle.

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